Sentience is the ability to feel , perceive , or to experience subjectivity.
Eighteenth-century philosophers used the concept to distinguish the ability to
think (reason ) from the ability to feel ( sentience ). In modern Western
philosophy, sentience is the ability to experience sensations (known in
philosophy of mind as "qualia"). The concept is central to the philosophy of
animal rights, because sentience is necessary for the ability to suffer, which is
held to entail certain rights.
Sentient beings in Naruto namely Samehada and tailed beasts.(All that I can think of.)
So is a sentient being purely made by chakra?
Because the tailed beasts were created by the Sage of the six paths by splitting the chakra of the juubi(ten tails) into 9 parts namely the Biju(tailed beast).
My question is if I make a seal that would store chakra in a sword and I pumped in a large amount of chakra would it become a sentient sword?
Capable of communicating with it's owner?
Capable of using seals on the sword it self?
Would it be possible?
Although it would take a long time, chakra and lots of explosions to make it?
Requirements:
Sword.
The seal.
Large amount of chakra.
Research material.
Medical faculties in case of damage to the creator?
™ (Copyrighted) So no metagaming.
Except if this topic was already discussed about.(Didn't bother to search it)
(Naruto is owned by Kishimoto)(Although this idea if owned by me)
(If Kishimoto is reading this, pm me and we'll discuss what would we do.)
The first way to discuss this would be to consider how it was attempted in the series, as it is not something that is completely revolutionary in the Shinobi world.
Puppeters attempted to grant their puppets life in the series. I beileve techniques like One's Own Life Reincarnation are examples of techniques that came about with the idea of bringing non-living things to life.
The entire living puppet concept is a canon example of what I think you are trying to do.
Additionally, something can be alive without being sentient. All you need to be classified, Biologically speaking, as a living thing is:
Reproduce
Metabolism
Reaction to Stimuli (Homeostatis)
Evolve
Grow and Develop
Be made of cells
Samaheda is a decent example, as we know that it is made of cells (we saw the inside, there is tissue and stuff) it reacts to the environment, has metabolism (it eats chakra for a living, hence why even the sword owner has to donate some).
What we do not know for sure though, is whether it grows and develops, even has the ability to reproduce, or if its kind can evolve with changing conditions (if it even reproduces in some way).
Biology aside, you could consider Samaheda "alive" in lay terms at least, and I sense that may be what you are going for. Making just an ordinary sword made of steel alive would be a great challenge to begin with, because not only would you have to make it alive (Sage art, Inorganic reincarnation) but you would have to keep it alive. If it is made up of steel, then it can't sustain itself without your intervention, so that is not Samaheda level of "living".
Long story short, it would require medical ninjutsu knowledge, a solid understanding of both Yin and Yang, and time. I would go into greater length regarding what kind of medical ninjutsu you would need to know, but for now, I think you get the jist of it.
